ABSTRACT
Qingzao jiu fei tang ，which is derived fr om Yuchang ’s Medical Laws in the Qing dynasty ，composes of Folium Mori，Gypsum Fibrosum ，Glycyrrhiza uralensis ，Panax ginseng ，Sesamum indicum ，Equus asinus ，Ophiopogon japonicus ， Prunus armeniaca and the leaves of Eriobotrya japonica . It is a representative formula for the treatment of severe syndrome of warm-dryness and deficiency of both Qi and Yin. In 2018，it was included in the Catalogue of Ancient Famous Classical Formulas （the First Batch ）. In order to clarify its development context and clarify its functions and indications ，this paper collects the ancient and modern literature of Qingzao jiufei tang to systematically study the source and composition of it ，its origin and processing ， dosage，functions and indications and modern clinical application with a method of bibliometrics. Results show that some medical books differ in origin ，processing and dosage of the formula. This formula takes moistening dryness ，encouraging production of body fluids ，nourishing Yin ，tonifying Qi as the main efficacy. “Qi depression ，flaccidity，dyspnea and vomiting ”is the main indication. It is widely applied in the clinic ，involving respiratory diseases ，skin diseases ，digestive diseases ，etc.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To discuss the efficacy of modified Qingzao Jiufei Tang combined with adjuvant chemotherapy on quality of life and survival period of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and the moderation effect on immune function and cytokines. Method:One hundred and twenty patients were randomly divided into control group (60 cases) and observation group (60 cases) by random number table. Patients in two group got paclitaxel and cisplatin chemotherapy.The control group took Yifei Qinghua granules orally,2 bags/time,3 times/day. In addition to the therapy of control group, patients in observation group were added with modified Qingzao Jiufei Tang from the first day after chemotherapy to the 12th week after chemotherapy, 1 dose/day. Six-month and one-year survival rates and survival period were recorded. Before and after treatment, lung cancer quality of life scale (FACT-L 4.0) and M.D. Anderson Symptom Inventory (MDASI-C) were scored. And levels of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ and CD4+/CD8+ , natural killer cells (NK), cytokeratin 19 fragment 21-1 (CYFRA21-1), squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC-Ag), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), nuclear transcription factor-κB (NF-κB), intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 were all detected. Result:The 6-month survival rate of in observation group was 78.33%(47/60), which was higher than 60.00%(36/60) in control group (χ2=4.728, P<0.05). The one-year survival rate in observation group was 48.33%(29/60), which was higher than 30.00%(18/60) in control group (χ2=4.232, P<0.05). And the survival period in observation group was 15 months, which was longer than 11 months in control group (P<0.01). And scores of FACT-L and various factors were all higher than those in control group (P<0.01). Scores of disease symptoms, gastrointestinal symptoms, fatigue symptoms and emotional symptoms were all lower than those in control group (P<0.01), and scores of effect of symptoms on daily life in six aspects, such as enjoyment of life, were all lower than those in control group (P<0.01). And levels of NK, CD3+, CD4+ and CD4+/CD8+ were higher than those in control group (P<0.05), while levels of CD8+, TGF-β1, NF-κB, ICAM-1, VEGF, CYFRA21-1, SCC-Ag and NSE were all lower than those in control group (P<0.01). Conclusion:Modified Qingzao Jiufei Tang combined with adjuvant chemotherapy can prolong the survival time, improve the survival rate, alleviate the effect of symptoms on daily life, improve the quality of life, inhibit the expression of tumor markers and cytokines, and stabilize the immune function of the body, with a positive clinical significance in improving the prognosis of NSCLC.
ABSTRACT
Objective::To discuss the effect of Qingzao Jiufei Tang on enzymatic activity and regulatory factor of glucose 6-phosphatedehydrogenase(G6PD) in pentose phosphate energy metabolism pathway in lung cancer. Method::Fifty male C57BL6J mice were randomly divided into five groups. Animal models were induced through axillary injection with Lewis cells. The Qingzao Jiufei Tang group was given drugs (11, 5.5, 2.8 g·kg-1·d-1) two weeks before modeling, the cyclophosphamide(CTX) group was intraperitoneally injected with CTX (50 mg·kg-1), and the model group was intraperitoneally injected with the same volume of saline after molding. At 14 d after modeling, the mice were sacrificed, and the tumor tissues were collected. The enzymatic activity of G6PD, content of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) method. Expressions of gp91phox and p22phox mRNA were detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction(Real-time PCR) method. Result::Compared with the model group, the enzymatic activity of G6PD in high-dose group, medium-dose group and low-dose group were reduced obviously (P<0.05, P<0.01). Content of ROS, mRNA expressions of gp91phox and p22phox in high-dose group, medium-dose group and low-dose group were reduced obviously (P<0.01). Conclusion::Qingzao Jiufei Tang may inhibit the expression of G6PD by inhibiting the expression of gp91 phox, p22phox oxidase, and then reduce content of ROS, so as to reduce the energy metabolism and hyperplasia of lung cancer cells.
ABSTRACT
Objective::To study the effect of Qingzao Jiufei Tang on the expression of key limiting enzymes hexokinase 2(HK2), phosphofructokinase 2(PFK2) and pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2), and the glucose content in Lewis mice colon cancer cells. Method::A total of 50 male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into model group, chemotherapy group, and high, middle and low-dose Qingzao Jiufei Tang groups, with 10 mice in each group. The lung cancer cell model was established by injecting Lewis lung cancer cells into the right axilla. The high, middle and low dose groups were administered at the doses of 11, 5.5, 2.75 g·kg-1·d-1 for 2 weeks before modeling. The drug was administered through intraperitoneal injection at a dose of 50 mg·kg-1·(2 d)-1 in the chemotherapy group. The model group was intragastrically administered with an equal volume of normal saline. After the inoculation, the drug was administered for two weeks. Two weeks later, all of the mice were put to death, and tumor tissues were collected. The mRNA expression of HK2 was detected by Real-time PCR. the protein expression of PFK2 was detected by Western blot, the PKM2 activity was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Result::Compared with the model group, mRNA expressions and activity of PKM2 in lung cancer cells of treatment groups were significantly declined, and glucose content increased significantly, with significant differences from those of model group (P<0.01). The PFK2 protein expressions in lung cancer cells of treatment groups (high, medium and low-dose groups) were significantly decreased (P<0.05, P<0.01). Conclusion::Qingzao Jiufei Tang could inhibit Lewis proliferation, and decrease the glucose intake in lung cancer cells. The effect targets may be the key rate-limiting enzymes HK2, PFK2, PKM2.
ABSTRACT
Objective::To observe the effect of Qingzao Jiufei Tang on apoptosis of lung cancer, Janus protein tyrosine kinase 2/signal transducers and transcriptional activator protein 3 (JAK2/STAT3) signaling pathway, as well as the expressions of downstream apoptosis-related proteins Bcl-2-associated X (Bax) and Cyclin D1. Method::Totally 50 male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into five groups: chemotherapy group (CTX), model group, high-dose Qingzao Jiufei Tang group, middle-dose Qingzao Jiufei Tang group and low-dose Qingzao Jiufei Tang group, with 10 mice in each group. The model of lung cancer was established by injecting Lewis lung cancer cells into the right axillary of mice. High-dose, middle-dose and low-dose Qingzao Jiufei Tang groups were orally given drugs (11, 5.5, 2.75 g·kg-1·d-1) two weeks before the modeling. Chemotherapy group was administered intraperitoneally at a dose of 50 mg·kg-1·(2 d)-1, while model group was administered intragastrically with the equal volume of normal saline. After inoculation, the mice in each group were continued to be administered. Two weeks later, the mice in each group were killed, and the tumors were collected. Then the JAK2 protein phosphorylation level was detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC). STAT3, Bax and Cyclin D1 protein expression levels were detected by Western blot, and apoptosis of lung cancer cells was observed by transmission electron microscopy. Result::Compared with model group, the phosphorylation levels of JAK2 and STAT3 protein in lung cancer cells were significantly decreased, the expression of Bax protein was significantly increased, and the expression of Cyclin D1 protein was significantly decreased in high-dose Qingzao Jiufei Tang group, middle-dose Qingzao Jiufei Tang group and chemotherapy group, with statistically significant differences (P<0.05, P<0.01). The results of transmission electron microscopy showed significant apoptotic phenomena in high-dose Qingzao Jiufei Tang group, middle-dose Qingzao Jiufei Tang group, low-dose Qingzao Jiufei Tang group and chemotherapy group compared with the model group. Conclusion::Qingzao Jiufei Tang had an obvious effect in promoting the apoptosis of lung cancer cells. Its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of the phosphorylation of JAK2 and STAT3 protein, the promotion of its downstream Bax protein expression and the inhibition of its downstream Cyclin D1 protein expression.
ABSTRACT
Lung cancer is currently the leading malignant tumor in China, which seriously endangers people's health. Nowadays, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has played an increasingly important role in the comprehensive treatment of lung cancer. It has unique advantages in promoting postoperative recovery, reducing the side effects of radiotherapy and chemotherapy, and effectively prolonging the lifetime of patients. Qingzao Jiufei Tang is mainly used to treat the syndrome of Qi-Yin deficiency due to dryness-heat injury to the lungs. The experimental and clinical studies have confirmed that Qingzao Jiufei Tang has a good anti-lung cancer effect and broad application prospects. In this paper, we reviewed relevant literatures through China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Weipu Data, Wanfang Data, PubMed and other databases in recent years, and found a few reports on the anti-lung cancer effect of Qingzao Jiufei Tang. There was still a lack of systematic and comprehensive explanation for its specific mechanism of action against lung cancer. This paper systematically summarized the clinical application of Qingzao Jiufei Tang against lung cancer in recent years, as well as its effects through cell-related signaling pathways and energy metabolism against lung cancer cells. It is clear that this decoction can significantly inhibit the signaling pathways of epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR), nuclear transcription factor kappa B (NF-κB)/intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and Janus kinase 2 (JAK2)/signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3) of the lung cells. It could also inhibit energy metabolism of tumor cells, and reduce the production of relevant metabolites. This will provide new ideas for the clinical application of Qingzao Jiufei Tang against lung cancer.